Shanty Oktavilia, - (2016) The Relationships of Environmental Degradation and Trade Openness in Indonesia. International Journal of Economics and Financial, 6 (6). pp. 125-129. ISSN 2146-4138

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Abstract

Economic development activity lowers the quality of the environment, mainly through production with the use of natural resources excessively, and the resulting residue. The impact of the environment is intensified with the increase of international trade. This study examines how the effect of trade liberalization (TL) on environmental quality and the existence of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) in Indonesia. By employing the error correction model to annually data along 1976-2014, this study also analyses the dynamic relationship of the economic and environmental variables, in three equations, i.e., linear, quadratic and cubic. This study finds that in the long run, all equations statistically prove the effect of TL on environmental except in linear equation, and the EKC hypothesis proves on all equations. In the short run, the CO2 emission is partially influenced TL in all types of equation, and the per capita income by the quadratic equation.

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