Sri Sumartiningsih, - (2023) The Comparison of Exercise-Induced Cardiorespiratory Responses Following E-cigarette and Tobacco Smoking. Doctoral thesis, UNNES.

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Abstract

Purposes: The purpose of this study is to investigate the acute exercise-induced cardiorespiratory responses and exercises performance following e-cigarette (EC) and tobacco cigarette (TC) smoking. Methods: A randomized crossover design was used. Thirty young male adult smokers were recruited with an average age of 23 years old, and have been smoking for 3.5 years and smoke nine cigarettes a day. The acute smoking interventions were measured at two-day intervals under three conditions: control, free nicotine use EC (EC0), 3 mg nicotine of EC (EC3) and 3 mg nicotine of TC (TC3). A maximal multistage shuttle 20 m run test (MMST) was used for the acute exercise. The measured respiratory and cardiovascular responses were: heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), oxygen saturation (SPO2), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume within 1 second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow (PEF). A thrice replication of measurements was taken: baseline, post-smoking, and post-exercise. The prediction of V ． O2max and time to exhaustion (TTE) were taken during exercise. A two-way repeated measure and one-way ANOVA were used for the data analysis. Results: The result demonstrated that TC3 smoking increased HR and DBP post smoking more than EC0 (HRTC3: 93.3 ± 3.1 and HR EC0: 81.7 ± 2.7 (bpm), p < .05) and (DBP TC3: 83.2 ± 1.2 and DBP EC0: 76 ± 1.8 (mmHg), p < .05) respectively. HR, SBP, and DBP induced by exercise remained unchanged following EC and TC smoking (p > .05). SPO2 and PEF after TC3 smoking were significantly higher than EC0. The predicted V ． O2max and TTE on TC3 were significantly lower than EC0 (TTE TC3: 365.3 ± 27.3 and TTE EC0: 393.4 ± 27.8, p < .05) and EC3 predicts V ． O2max (V ． O2max TC3: 35.6 ± 1.4 and V ． O2max EC3: 37.4 ± 1.6 (ml/kg/min), p < .05; TTE TC3: 365.3 ± 27.3 and TTE EC3: 394.1 ± 29.6 (s), p < .05). Conclusion: This study concluded that smoking EC had a lower impact on cardiorespiratory responses and exercise performance than TC for smokers.

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