Yusro Edy Nugroho, 0201615014 (2020) STRUKTUR GENETIK TEKS-TEKS PIWULANG PUTRI. Doctoral thesis, Universitas Negeri Semarang.

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Abstract

The presence of piwulang putri (poem) cannot be separated from the authors‟ social background, who are members of the community of society and their world views. As a social phenomenon, the texts of piwulang putri can be used as a means to portray social conditions and also the society‟s world view towards women's problems in its era. The existence of piwulang putri is inseparable from the social background of the authors who are members of the community of a society and their worlds views. This research discussed: 1) the social background, 2) formal structures (consisting of verbal, syntactical, and semantical aspect) of piwulang putri, and 3) the author‟s perspective in terms of the ideas of Javanese women. Using sociological criticism approach and genetic structuralism theory, this research reveals the importance of the relationship between the text and its supporting communities as a unified genetic structure by applying the theory of genetic structuralism through the sociology of literature approach. The data was collected through philological studies on many scriptoriums in Java to obtain nine corpus of text data consisting of (1) Serat Wulang Putri Adisara; (2) Serat Darma Duhita; (3) Serat Darma Rini; (4) Serat Warayatna; (5) Serat Menak Cina; (6) Serat Panji Jayengsari; (7) Serat Candrarini; (8) Serat Wulang Estri; and (9) Serat Wulang Wanita. All texts of piwulang putri were further examined to determine the correlation between the texts and society using the theory of Lucien Goldman. Todorov‟s literature theory, commonly used in classic Javanese literary criticism, was also adapted to find out the formal structure of the literary works. The perspective of the author was analyzed using hegemony and gender theories. This research revealed that: 1) The texts of piwulang putri that were conceived during the reign of Pakubuwono IX cannot be separated from the stable socio-political conditions, the development of the political marriage system, and the expansion of keputren with a large number of residents. During Pakubuwono IX's administration, there were nine texts of piwulang putri that were used as character education teaching materials for women. 2) From the formal perspective, the sound system or phonology of the text was not that complex (nglungit) as the sound composition of some texts seemed to be plain and simple. The ideas within the texts were delivered using a direct statement in ngoko (polite) style with its straightforward characteristics and minimum archaic words, given the function of the texts as a didactic poem. The syntactic structure of piwulang putri texts were developed on the basis of spatial sequences. Story backgrounds were never stated directly, while the colophon commonly indicated the time setting of the texts in the form of candra sengkala time signal system, which signified the end of the text. 3) Piwulang putri texts were written based on the perspective of the author as a king who was in a position of authority over his daughters and as a poet who was responsible for preserving the value of culture and tradition. Further, the texts also signified the empathy of a woman towards other princesses in the sultanate. Comprehending the existence and advantages of piwulang putri texts is essential in today‟s life for several reasons. a) The existence of the texts, from the author‟s point of view, is helpful for women‟s future. b) The empathy towards the women‟s condition has been a concern of the author to formulate solutions to the issue of inequality. c) The texts teach that women‟s happiness is the main objective. d) The texts promote the awareness of the nature of women to be a person with great patience and sincere. e) The texts remind the obligation of women as a wife to obey husbands. This study results in the suggestion for the following matters. 1) The reading of the texts of piwulang putri must be based on an understanding of the social conditions and the worldview of the author. Accordingly, the application of the core teachings of the texts of piwulang putri as a reference for behavior for women must be adapted to the current conditions. 2) The texts of piwulang putri possess sociological values that are relevant to the current society thus it is suggested for the essence of piwulang putri's values to be developed into a study material for the department of religions‟ pre-marital education material. 3) This research does not include the study of the implementation of the values of the texts of piwulang putri in modern society, therefore it is necessary to develop further researches as an implementation of the results of this basic study.

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