Yayang Gita Permatasari Gunawan, 0203516046 (2018) THE USE OF GAMBITS AND DEBATE STRUCTURE IN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY DEBATING CHAMPIONSHIP 2018 OF WEST JAVA. Masters thesis, Universitas Negeri Semarang.

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Abstract

Gunawan, Yayang Gita Permatasari. 2018. The Use of Gambits and Debate Structure in National University Debating Championship 2018 of West Java. Thesis. English Language Education. Pascasarjana. UniversitasNegeri Semarang. First Advisor: Sri Wuli Fitriati, S. Pd., M.Pd., Ph.D. and Second Advisor: Dr. Issy Yuliasri, M.Pd. Key Words: Gambits, Debate Structure, Debate, Communicative Competence Mastering language and delivering meanings through spoken text to achieve communicative competence poses many challenges for students. Debate is a suitable activity for them to sharpen their English ability. However, students need strategy to speak English naturally in debate. As a sub-area of strategic competence, gambits help speakers to express what they are trying to say so that they can speak English naturally and fluently. Most previous studies mainly investigate spoken discourse focusing on gambits only. Therefore, in order to deliver their speeches in debate structurally so that listeners can understand their arguments and messages, speakers need to understand debate structure. By integrating the theories of gambits (Keller and Warner, 1988) and debate structure (Harvey-Smith, 2011), this thesis intends to explain the use of gambits and debate structure by students in National University Debating Championship (NUDC) 2018 of West Java. The subjects in this study were 40 undergraduate students (20 teams) from different universities participating in NUDC 2018 of West Java. To collect the data, five debate competitions were observed and five students were interviewed. By using Discourse Analysis with clauses and clause complexes as the unit of analysis, the data from transcription were analyzed. Several methods of analyzing data were done including transcribing, reading, categorizing, analyzing, and triangulation. The data and the analysis of this study had been examined and judged by one lecture from a university in Bandung as the expert of discourse and communicative competence in order to validate findings. The findings from observation showed that most of debaters used variety of gambits from opening, linking and responding gambits to deliver their speeches in debate competition. Most of debaters applied the four parts of debate structure including introduction, rebuttals, arguments, and conclusion in the debate competition. Only one or two debater/s did not apply some parts of the debate structure. The use of gambits gave high contribution to the students’ debate structure to support them in making introduction, rebuttals, arguments, and conclusion. The result of interviews mapped out that most of students learned gambits naturally. To overcome the difficulties of using gambits in any situation was by learning and practicing hard to make the speech perfect.

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