Istifaiyah , 2201506015 (2008) Variations of Communicative Purpose, Text Structure, and Linguistic Features of Written Short Functional Texts and Essays in Grade X English Text Book. Masters thesis, Universitas Negeri Semarang.

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Abstract

In this study, I analyzed the SFT and essays that were found in grade X English textbook. It was assumed that the SFT and essays that were displayed in the text book are compatible with the standard of content as mentioned in curriculum 2006, Curriculum for Each Level of Education ( KTSP or Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan ). The standard of content in KTSP 2006 develops student’s linguistic competence to people’s experience, ideas, and feelings and to understand various meanings. Statement of the standard of content invites my curiosity to conduct this research. Besides the compatibility between the English textbook and the standard of content, I also analyzed how the SFT and essays realized in the English textbook. This study focuses on the issue of : register approach which analyzes the communicative purpose in social context, schematic structure and grammatical features which analyzes text types in cultural context. By analyzing the processes displayed in the SFT I can determine the communicative purpose of the texts. Then I can see to what extend the compatibility SFT and essays of the text book with the Standar Isi ( content standard ). This is a qualitative study. The data are Short Functional Text and essays made up in grade X English textbook. Units of analysis in this study are clauses and texts. There are 21 texts in this text book, but I take 15 texts randomly as data . The clauses were analyzed structurally and grammatically to determine its communicative purpose and text type. From 15 texts , the SFT that occur in the texts are : condolences statenment, post card, short e – mail, letter of condolence, set of instructions ( in a hotel ), short letter, announcement of missing, campaign flyer, guide speech during a trip, invitation, congratulations letter, congratulation card, forward of booklet, and news report( 2 ) The communicative purpose of the SFT varies according to the type of the text. I found 8 SFT and 7 Essays that have variations of communicative purpose. Each text consist of schematic structure according to the genre of text. There are 3 texts that match to schematic structure of genre proposed by Gerot and Wignell (1995). On the other hand, there are many texts that have modified schematic structure or combinations text types. We can see it in text 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9. The schematic structure of text 5 is included in the procedure text but incomplete. The other 5 texts have specific schematic structure according to the sequence and nature of the stages through which they develop and the grammar that is appropriate to each type. They are text 1, 4, 10, 11 and 12. The language features of the texts is analyzed from elements of grammatical pattern relating to processes, participant, circumstances and pattern. The processess that occur in the texts are material process, mental process, existensial process and exclamation. Mental process becomes the dominant process in the five texts (text 1,4,10,11 and 12 ). The processes that occur in other 10 texts are material process, mental process, behavioral process, verbal process, relational process, existensial process.. The pattern of tense that occur in the texts are : Simple Present Tense, Present Perfect Tense, Present Continuous Tense , Simple Past Tense. Simple Present Tense and Past Tense dominate the occurance in the texts. Circumstances of time,place and manner occur in most of the texts. Participants that occur in the texts are first, second and third person, single and plural. The development of science and technology was accessed in the text. Text 3 proves that this book tries to accomodate the students’ life need in technology, especially the ability to understand and / produce text through the internet. Context of situation and culture as well as the development of science of technology gave background of this SFT as demanded in KTSP , but the balance demanding of national and local need is not clear yet. From the communicative purpose, the text structure, the language features, context of situation and culture displayed, and development of science and technology accessed in the text, I conclude that the textbook had covered the objective of English Lessons in SMA( Senior High School). In other words the princles of KTSP had been tried to apply in the textbook although some texts are needed to be revised or canged. It is recommended that the English textbook users, use the English textbook critically, because many short functional texts are not compatible with the indicators introduced in the standard of content. It is also recommended that future English textbook writers, write the their English textbook compatible with the standard of content better than the textbook analyzed in this study .

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