SUHARNO, 2201502015 (2005) A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON THE EXCHANGE STRUCTURE OF THREE PEER - LEARNERS OF ENGLISH IN A SMALL GROUP DISCUSSION. Masters thesis, Universitas Negeri Semarang.

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Abstract

Having a clear understanding of the realities of English conversation is supposed to be very important to have a more progress of ELT pedagogy. It is, therefore necessary to investigate how a conversation is structured This is a study on the Exchange Structure of the Indonesian Learners of English in a Small Group Discussion. It is aimed at finding out how the learners structure a conversation in a small group discussion and is conducted primarily to determine the exchange structure produced by the learners during the discussion. The main question of this study is : What exchange structure do the students produce during the discussion? This study also tries to find out the function of the language used by the learners and to describe the move structures formed as the combination of acts in which each act realizes one element of move structure. The data in this study were spoken data which were transcribed from the discussion involving the sixth semester students at IKIP PGRI Semarang in Academic year 2004/2005. The data were then analyzed in term of acts used, moves structure and exchange structure following the frame work made by Francis and Hunston (1992) and also Sinclair and Coulthard (1992). From the transcribed data under study, it was identified that the acts mostly used were inquire, neutral proposal, informative and receive and never were marker, framer, starter and metastatement used for the students often took turn asking, answering and giving information. With the possible structure; (starter) (pre-head) head (post-head), in all kinds of move the learners made use the element structures of move but the element structures of move used are dominated by head structure. And there are many possible exchange structure formations found. Those are I, I R, Ib R, I R1 R2, I R F, I R1 R2 F, I R1F1 R2F2. The analysis showed that the exchange structure formed has the basic formations, IR(F) and because the discussion involved three participants there are possible term R1, R2, F1 and F2 and the discussion done by the students was supposed to be formal and though the exchanges are the same and they have the same structure, they are made up of different kinds of moves and different kinds of acts. As every discourse is unique and that spoken language is never analyzed directly, researches with more variables in different genres should be investigated so that students can find out what strategies they use in certain circumstances and to demonstrate some essential features of casual conversation.

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